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Titel och upphov Science and colonial expansion : the role of the British Royal Botanic Gardens
Utgivning, distribution etc. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. London : ©2002
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Fysisk beskrivning xiv, 215 pages illustrations, maps 23 cm
Anmärkning: Allmän Originally published: London: Academic, 1979.
Anmärkning: Bibliografi etc. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Anmärkning: Innehåll 1. Introduction -- 2. The British empire -- 3. Seed and plant transfers -- 4. General intellectual background -- 5. Kew Gardens and the scientific elite -- 6. Kew and Cinchona -- 7. Rubber: A new plantation crop and industrial raw material -- 8. Sisal and the Kew bulletin -- 9. Kew and empire: Conclusions -- Appendix: List of the staffs of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and of botanical departments and establishments at home, and in India, and the Colonies, in correspondence with Kew.
Anmärkning: Innehållsbeskrivning, sammanfattning "This book analyzes the political effects of scientific research as exemplified by one field, economic botany, during one epoch, the nineteenth century, when Great Britain was the world's most powerful nation. Lucile Brockway examines how the British botanic garden network developed and transferred economically important plants to different parts of the world to promote the prosperity of the Empire." "In this work, available once again after many years out of print. Brockway examines in detail three cases in which British scientists transferred important crop plants - cinchona (a source of quinine), rubber, and sisal - to new continents. Weaving together botanical, historical, economic, political, and ethnographic findings, the author illuminates the remarkable social role of botany and the entwined relation between science and politics in an imperial era."--BOOK JACKET.
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Antal i kö:
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*500 $aOriginally published: London: Academic, 1979.
*504 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
*5058 $a1. Introduction -- 2. The British empire -- 3. Seed and plant transfers -- 4. General intellectual background -- 5. Kew Gardens and the scientific elite -- 6. Kew and Cinchona -- 7. Rubber: A new plantation crop and industrial raw material -- 8. Sisal and the Kew bulletin -- 9. Kew and empire: Conclusions -- Appendix: List of the staffs of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and of botanical departments and establishments at home, and in India, and the Colonies, in correspondence with Kew.
*5201 $a"This book analyzes the political effects of scientific research as exemplified by one field, economic botany, during one epoch, the nineteenth century, when Great Britain was the world's most powerful nation. Lucile Brockway examines how the British botanic garden network developed and transferred economically important plants to different parts of the world to promote the prosperity of the Empire." "In this work, available once again after many years out of print. Brockway examines in detail three cases in which British scientists transferred important crop plants - cinchona (a source of quinine), rubber, and sisal - to new continents. Weaving together botanical, historical, economic, political, and ethnographic findings, the author illuminates the remarkable social role of botany and the entwined relation between science and politics in an imperial era."--BOOK JACKET.
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This widely acclaimed book analyzes the political effects of scientific research as exemplified by one field, economic botany, during one epoch, the nineteenth century, when Great Britain was the world's most powerful nation. Lucile Brockway examines how the British botanic garden network developed and transferred economically important plants to different parts of the world to promote the prosperity of the Empire.
Preface p. xi Acknowledgments p. xiii Introduction p. 1 The British Empire p. 13 The World Capitalist System p. 14 East-West Divergence p. 15 European Expansion: Technology and Trade p. 17 The Colonization of the Indies p. 20 The British and China: Opium and Tea p. 26 The Tea Transfer p. 27 India in the Plantation Economy p. 28 The Empire in the New World: Agriculture and Labor p. 30 Seed and Plant Transfers p. 35 New Food Staples p. 37 Discussion p. 45 Plantation Crops p. 46 Beverages: Coffee, Tea, Cocoa p. 51 Nonfood Plants p. 54 Discussion p. 56 General Intellectual Background p. 61 Learned Societies p. 63 The Intellectual Context p. 69 Roster of Learned Societies p. 71 Botany and Botanic Gardens p. 72 Kew Gardens and the Scientific Elite p. 77 Kew Gardens--The Formative Stage p. 78 Display p. 81 Research and Publication p. 81 Economic Botany: Plant Collection and Distribution p. 83 Wardian Cases p. 86 The Scientific Elite p. 87 The Kew Circle: Personal Networks p. 88 The Second Generation p. 92 The Imperial Stage p. 100 Kew and Cinchona p. 103 The Effects of the Sepoy Revolt p. 104 Malaria p. 106 Cinchona Bark p. 108 Indigenous Use? p. 109 Reasons and Rationales p. 111 The Cinchona Transfer p. 112 From Wild to Cultivated: The Development Process p. 117 The Nilgiris p. 121 Bengal p. 122 Ceylon p. 122 South American Market p. 124 Quinine: An Arm of Empire p. 126 Quinine and the Penetration of Africa p. 127 Local Effects of Cinchona Plantations p. 133 Postscript p. 139 Rubber--A New Plantation Crop and Industrial Raw Material p. 141 The Cinchona Model p. 143 The Botany of Rubber p. 144 Wild Rubber p. 144 Amazonian Rubber on the World Market p. 147 The Rubber Trade and the Indian Population p. 148 Final Boom and Bust p. 151 Wild Rubber Assessed p. 156 From Wild to Cultivated p. 156 The Experimental Years p. 158 Labor p. 160 Rubber and the Empire p. 164 Sisal and the Kew Bulletin p. 167 The Commercial Agaves p. 168 A Yucatan Hacienda p. 170 Plant Removals p. 173 Bahama Hemp p. 175 Sisal in Brazil p. 181 Summary p. 182 Kew and Empire: Conclusions p. 185 Some Architectural Symbols p. 185 List of the Staffs of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and of Botanical Departments and Establishments at Home, and in India, and the Colonies, in Correspondence with Kew p. 197 References p. 203 Subject Index p. 213